Difference between revisions of "Taðýric"

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Nouns are declined according to two numbers (singular and plural), two genders (animate and inanimate), six or seven cases (a total of eight), and four possessive persons (as well as singular and plural for each possessor).
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Nouns are declined according to two numbers (singular and plural), two genders (animate and inanimate), five or seven cases (a total of eight), and three possessive persons (as well as singular and plural for each possessor).
  
 
Many adjectives may also be attached to nouns in a clitic form, as a prefix closest to the root.
 
Many adjectives may also be attached to nouns in a clitic form, as a prefix closest to the root.
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!Associative
 
!Associative
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|je
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|jafer
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|jér
 
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!Comparative
 
!Comparative
 
|pi
 
|pi
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|pjar
 
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!Vocative*
 
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!Instrumental
 
!Instrumental
 
|myr
 
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|mjar
 
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!Locative
 
!Locative
 
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!Ablative
 
!Ablative
 
|si
 
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|sjar
 
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!Comparative
 
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Revision as of 12:23, 21 March 2014

Taðýric is my ongoing effort - one that's been scrapped and reworked a good number of times - to create the most beautiful language possible to my sensibilities. I have developed a keyboard layout for typing the characters used in the written language.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Alveopalatal Palatal Velar Uvular
Plosive p ‹p› t̪ ‹t›1 k ‹c›2
Nasal m ‹m› n ‹n›
Fricative f ‹f› θ ‹ð› s̪ ‹s› ɕ ‹š›
Lateral l̪‹l›
Approximant ʋ ‹v› j ‹j› ʁ ‹r›3
  1. /t/ is realized as [ts] before high vowels.
  2. /k/ is lenited to a fricative [x] in coda position.
  3. /r/ has many possible realizations, including a trill (in a complex onset), rhoticization of the previous vowel (in coda position), or a uvular approximant (in onset position).

Vowels

Front Back
Unround Round
High i y u
Mid e ø ɔ
Low a
  • All vowels can be lax and tense (RTR and non-RTR) apart from /ɔ/ (written ‹o›). Long vowels are realized as the vowel with a schwa offglide (ie /iː/ > [iə]). Short vowels are lax versions of long vowels (RTR).
  • Length and tenseness is represented by an acute accent over the vowel.

Diphthongs

Diphthongs are frequently formed in agglutination. The language has a large and relatively unrestricted vowel inventory for a highly agglutinating language, and diphthong formation is complex:

Second Vowel
First Vowel i y u e ø o a
i í í ju je jø jo ja
y ý ý ju je jø jo ja
u vi vy ú ve vø vo va
e é é eu* é é eo* ea*
ø ǿ ǿ ǿ ǿ ǿ ǿ ǿ
o oi ó ó ǿ ǿ ó oa*
a ai ai au á á au á
  • Marked combinations are disyllabic and not true diphthongs.

Phonotactics

Possible consonantal onset structures include:

  • [null]
  • any consonant
  • any consonant followed by an approximant

Possible coda structures include:

  • [null]
  • a fricative
  • a nasal
  • a rhotic (Where /r/ is realized as a rhoticization of the previous vowel.)
  • a geminate (disyllabic) plosive
  • l in a complex onset with t, s, or š is palatalized to j.
  • Nasals in contact with another nasal or plosive regressively assimilate place.

Morphology

Nouns

Possessor STEM Plural Possessor Case/Number

Nouns are declined according to two numbers (singular and plural), two genders (animate and inanimate), five or seven cases (a total of eight), and three possessive persons (as well as singular and plural for each possessor).

Many adjectives may also be attached to nouns in a clitic form, as a prefix closest to the root.

Animate Paradigm

Singular Plural
Nominative e eð
Accusative i is
Dative tar tolar
Associative je jér
Comparative pi pjar
Vocative* ðau ðau
  • The vocative is a postposed particle.

Inanimate Paradigm

Singular Plural
Nominative a að
Accusative u us
Dative ðar ðolar
Instrumental myr mjar
Locative šu švar
Ablative si sjar
Comparative fi fjar

Person

Singular possessive markers are prefixes. Plural markers are suffixes paired with the appropriate singular marker.

Singular Plural
1 si i
2 ci i
21 a i
3.an ðis u
3>3.an ðin u

Inanimate nouns cannot take direct possession. Instead, root compounding is used (ie "the tree's branch" = tíðorcrác)

Verbs

Person Negative Intensifier STEM Plural Subject Tense Aspect Mood Object

Transitive verbs take different roots depending on the animacy of their object. Crucially, this means that verbs must be used appropriately for their paradigm: for instance, the root for throwing an inanimate noun such as a ball is cílo, while throwing an animate object (whether actually alive or not) is arowé.

Verbs are obligatorily inflected for person and number. Transitive verbs are obligatorily inflected for the person and number of the object (in a single suffix). They may also be inflected for tense, aspect, and voice as individual agglutinations.

The verb to be does not exist; a noun may be derived as a verb with the suffix tsy immediately following the stem.  In a similar fashion, to possess takes the form of the suffix lǿ.

Person

Subject prefix is always furthest from the root. The plural suffix is paired with the singular prefix, before the object suffix.

Singular Plural
1 si i
2 ci i
21 a i
3.an ðis u
3.in sin u

Object

Object suffixes are always furthest from the root.

Singular Plural
1 is itsir
2 ic iccir
21 mér
3.an oð oðer
3.in on oner

The object suffix placement is also that of the passive suffix -toc.

Tense

Gloss Mésylþo
Past a
Nonpast+singular subject ac

Aspect

Gloss Mésylþo
Inchoative ro
Cessative py
Habitual ia

Mood

Gloss Mésylþo
Desiderative vél

Other Affixes

Gloss Mésylþo
Intensifier ǿc
Negative mal

Example:

"We did not really want to stop loving them."
simalǿcelsarínjapyvéloðer
si-mal-ǿc-elsarín-i-a-py-vél-oðer
1-neg-int-LOVE-1p-pst-ces-des-3p.an

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